PROPHET MUHAMMAD
It is known that the Qur'an, the Islamic scripture, was
compiled in the middle of the 7th century, 20 years after the death of the
Prophet Muhammad, gathering revelations from Allah. Interestingly, however,
among the 1.8 billion Muslims today, no one knows the exact face or appearance
of Muhammad. This is because Islam has traditionally forbidden the image of
Muhammad through paintings or sculptures. Moreover, Muslims claim that Muhammad
was illiterate, unable to read or write. Even after deifying Muhammad, he sold
his hat, so why do Muslims forbid the image of him and believe that he was
illiterate?
Islam is a religion that represents the Middle East along
with Judaism and Christianity. Although these three religions differ in their
detailed doctrines and practices, they have many commonalities in monotheism,
the concept of creation from nothing, and the afterlife centered on heaven and
hell. In particular, in the Qur'an of scripture, Adam, Noah, Abraham, Isaac,
Joseph, Jonah, and Elisha mentioned in the Bible are accepted as prophets, and
among them, Abraham was viewed as an ideal forerunner of Muhammad. Western
religious scholars often refer to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam as the
‘religion of Abraham’ because, like Judaism and Christianity, Islam also takes
Abraham as an example of faith. According to the Old Testament, Abraham had
Isaac as a son through his wife Sarah and Ismail as a son through Hagar. The
two women faced intense conflict over the question of who succeeded Abraham's
rights, Isaac or Ismail. Coincidentally, similar stories appear in Islamic
traditions and in the Qur'an. According to Islamic records, Abraham left Palestine
with Hagar and Ismail to come to Mecca in the Arabian Peninsula to solve this
problem.
According to the Qur'an, one day Abraham received a divine revelation and, together with his son Ismail, built a small temple in Mecca by building stones. This temple is the Kabba, the spiritual center and pilgrimage destination for Muslims around the world today. Muslims believe that the Kabba Temple was originally a place to enshrine the one god Abraham believed in, and he calls that one god Allah in Arabic.
Muslims say that Ismail's descendants prospered in Mecca and that Muhammad was born a long time later, around 570 AD. However, when Muhammad was born, the appearance of Mecca was significantly different from that of the past. The monotheistic faith that Abraham believed had disappeared, and idolatry was rampant. It is said that around 360 idols were erected around the Ka'ba Temple when Muhammad was born. Muhammad first began receiving revelations from Allah in 610, when he was forty years old. And he continued to receive revelations until his death in 632, insisting that he return to the pure faith of Abraham in order to destroy idolatry and establish morality and justice that had fallen to the ground.
The sanctification of the Quran and
the illiterate Prophet Muhammad
The process of emergence of the Quran, the Islamic
scripture, is also closely related to Judaism and Christianity. According to
the doctrine of Islam, the one God Allah gave
revelations to each nation of mankind, some of which were recorded in the form
of scriptures and passed down to this day. It is said in the Koran that before
Muhammad, Abraham received revelation, Moses the Law, David the Psalms, and
Jesus the Gospels. From an Islamic point of view, the Qur'an is the third
scripture that connects the revelation traditions of the Old and New Testaments.
This view of the history of revelation would have helped Islam as a new religion that emerged in the early 7th century to quickly secure a position comparable to that of Christianity or Judaism in the Middle East. However, the Koran was not meekly recognized for its authority from the beginning. In the Arabian Peninsula at the time Muhammad was alive, there was a frequent debate as to whether the words of the Qur'an were really the revelations of Allah, and some even questioned whether the Qur'an was a creation of Muhammad himself.
The process of emergence of the Quran, the Islamic
scripture, is also closely related to Judaism and Christianity. According to
the doctrine of Islam, the one God Allah gave
revelations to each nation of mankind, some of which were recorded in the form
of scriptures and passed down to this day. It is said in the Koran that before
Muhammad, Abraham received revelation, Moses the Law, David the Psalms, and
Jesus the Gospels. From an Islamic point of view, the Qur'an is the third
scripture that connects the revelation traditions of the Old and New Testaments.
This view of the history of revelation would have helped
Islam as a new religion that emerged in the early 7th century to quickly secure
a position comparable to that of Christianity or Judaism in the Middle East.
However, the Koran was not meekly recognized for its authority from the
beginning. In the Arabian Peninsula at the time Muhammad was alive, there was a
frequent debate as to whether the words of the Qur'an were really the
revelations of Allah, and some even questioned whether the Qur'an was a
creation of Muhammad himself.
Development of Islamic artistic
expression
The doctrine that sees Muhammad only as an ordinary human being has also influenced the development of a unique form of Islamic art expression, one of which is to forbid any expression of Muhammad's face and appearance through paintings or statues. This is because they feared that if a painting or statue of Muhammad was made, he would be deified or worshiped as an idol.
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